Understanding Migraine: Debunking Common Myths with Medical Facts
Despite common occurrence of migraine, many myths and misconceptions about migraine persist, often leading to misunderstanding and inadequate care
By Dr Lalitha Pidaparthi, MD, DM
Migraine is a complex neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite its common occurrence, many myths and misconceptions about migraine persist, often leading to misunderstanding and inadequate care. Separating fact from fiction is essential for recognizing, managing, and living effectively with this condition. Here are some of the most widespread myths about migraine and the facts everyone should know.
Dr. Lalitha Pidaparthi, MD (Medicine), DM (Neurology), Senior Consultant Neurologist at Renova Century Hospitals, Hyderabad, debunks common migraine myths.
Myth 1: Migraine is Just a Bad Headache
Fact: Migraine is much more than a headache. It is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe head pain, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, and visual disturbances known as aura. Some migraine sufferers experience neurological symptoms without any headache, called acephalgic or silent migraine.
Myth 2: Only Women Get Migraines
Fact: Although migraines are more common in womenāprimarily due to hormonal fluctuationsāmen and children can also suffer from migraines. Approximately 70% of migraine sufferers are women, but migraine affects people of all genders and ages.
Myth 3: Migraines Can Be Completely Cured with Medication
Fact: Currently, there is no complete cure for migraines. However, medications help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Treatment typically involves acute pain relief medications during attacks and preventive medications to reduce episodes. Lifestyle modifications such as regular sleep, a balanced diet, and stress management also play a crucial role.
Myth 4: Drinking Coffee Cures Migraines
Fact: Coffee contains caffeine, which can sometimes relieve migraine symptoms by narrowing blood vessels and reducing pain. However, excessive caffeine intake can trigger or worsen migraines. It is important to consume caffeine in moderation and be mindful of individual responses.
Myth 5: Headache Is Necessary for a Migraine Diagnosis
Fact: While headache is a common symptom, it is not mandatory for migraine diagnosis. Some people experience symptoms like aura, dizziness, nausea, or sensitivity to light and sound without a headache. This form is called acephalgic migraine.
Myth 6: Fasting or Skipping Meals Does Not Affect Migraines
Fact: Fasting or delaying meals is a well-known trigger for migraines. Low blood sugar resulting from missed meals can provoke migraine attacks. Maintaining regular eating habits is essential for effective migraine management.
Myth 7: Migraine Is Not Hereditary
Fact: If a family member suffers from migraines, the chances of other family members developing them increase. However, environmental factors and lifestyle choices also influence migraine occurrence.
Effective Lifestyle Changes to Control Migraine
Maintain a Regular Sleep Schedule
Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, including weekends.
Avoid both oversleeping and sleep deprivation, as both can trigger migraines.
Eat Balanced and Regular Meals
Donāt skip meals; eat at regular intervals.
Include foods rich in magnesium, vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids.
Avoid known food triggers like processed foods, excessive caffeine, and artificial sweeteners.
Stay Hydrated
Drink plenty of water throughout the day.
Dehydration is a common migraine trigger.
Manage Stress
Practice relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises.
Regular physical activity also helps reduce stress levels.
Exercise Regularly
Engage in moderate exercise such as walking, swimming, or cycling.
Exercise improves blood circulation and reduces migraine frequency.
Limit Caffeine and Alcohol
Moderate your caffeine intake; both excess and sudden withdrawal can trigger migraines.
Avoid excessive alcohol consumption, especially red wine, which is a common trigger.
Identify and Avoid Triggers
Keep a migraine diary to track foods, activities, weather, and stress levels.
Recognizing patterns helps avoid specific triggers.
Maintain Good Posture
Poor posture can cause muscle tension that leads to migraines.
Take breaks if you work long hours on a computer and stretch regularly.
Avoid Excessive Screen Time
Take regular breaks from screens to reduce eye strain and prevent migraines.
Avoid Strong Sensory Stimuli
Bright lights, loud noises, and strong smells can trigger migraines.
Use sunglasses outdoors and avoid noisy or strongly scented environments when possible.
By understanding these common myths and facts, and adopting practical lifestyle changes, individuals living with migraine can gain better control over their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
