World Contraception Day: Family planning, pregnancies are not just a woman’s responsibility

Hyderabad: World Contraception Day, celebrated on September 26 annually, is a vital reminder of the importance of informed choices in family planning.

Despite having access to family planning clinics, statistics reveal that only 40 per cent of women of reproductive age in our country use effective contraceptive methods. This underscores the urgent need to increase awareness among men and women about the various contraception options.

Contraception is not just about avoiding unwanted pregnancies but also about increasing the gap between pregnancies to ensure the well-being of mothers and babies.

Dr Sri Harika Bonam, a consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist, in conversation with NewsMeter, explains contraception, its types, and how it works.

One of the critical messages for this year should recognising that contraception is a shared responsibility of both sexes. It’s a message that emphasises the importance of both males and females actively participating in family planning decisions.

Understanding contraceptive methods

Contraceptive methods can be categorised into three main types: temporary, permanent, and emergency. Each category serves different needs and comes with its own considerations and limitations.

Temporary methods provide flexibility and choice

Temporary methods can be used as long as birth control is needed and can be stopped when a couple plans to have a pregnancy. They include:

- Natural Methods: These methods involve tracking the menstrual cycle, observing changes in vaginal discharge, and monitoring body temperature. While they are hormone-free, their failure rate is relatively high if not practised with care.

- Barrier Methods: This category includes male and female condoms, as well as other options like vaginal sponges and diaphragms. A significant advantage of barrier methods is their ability to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, their failure rates are relatively higher compared to other methods.

- Hormonal Methods: These methods involve the use of pills or injections containing hormones. When taken consistently, they are highly effective in preventing pregnancy. However, they may not be suitable for women with certain medical conditions.

- Long-acting devices: Devices like intrauterine Copper-T or hormonal devices placed in the uterus or inner arm provide highly effective and long-acting contraception, making them a preferred choice for many.

Permanent methods offer final solution

For couples who have completed their family planning, permanent methods offer a final solution; tubectomy for women and vasectomy for men. Vasectomy is considered safer with fewer risks compared to tubectomy, which often requires anaesthesia and can be done as open surgery or as a keyhole procedure.

Emergency contraception can be a safety net

In cases of contraceptive accidents or unprotected sexual intercourse, emergency contraception comes to the rescue. It includes hormonal pills or intrauterine devices (IUDs) and should be taken within 72 hours to prevent pregnancy. However, it’s crucial to follow up with a pregnancy test after three weeks and consider long-acting methods for continued protection.

Preventing STIs using Double Dutch Method

In a world where premarital sexual intercourse and multiple sexual partners are common, it’s crucial to understand methods for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The Double Dutch method involves using a condom along with a hormonal method, providing protection against both pregnancy and STIs.

In conclusion, the use of contraception is not just a matter of preventing pregnancies; it’s about safeguarding physical, mental, and social well-being. Being informed and proactive about family planning is essential for individuals and couples. Consultation with contraception clinic experts can help you make smart choices tailored to your needs and preferences.

“Empowering choices in contraception is a step toward a healthier and more informed future,” said Dr Sri Harika Bonam emphasising awareness of sexual health as primary for all adults.