Dehydration: Here are some dos and don’ts to stay safe in Hyderabad summer

Hyderabad: Dehydration is an often-overlooked health risk, especially in a city with a semi-arid climate like Hyderabad. While dehydration is commonly associated with thirst, it can also develop without noticeable symptoms, increasing the likelihood of severe complications.

Experts highlight two primary forms of dehydration—silent dehydration and diarrheal dehydration—that require immediate attention, particularly among vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and individuals with underlying health conditions.

Silent Dehydration: A Hidden Threat

Dr. B. Ravinder Reddy, Senior Consultant, Gastrointestinal Surgeon at Care Hospital, Hyderabad, explains the dangers of silent dehydration:

“Silent dehydration occurs when the body loses fluids and essential electrolytes without triggering the usual warning signals, such as intense thirst. This is particularly concerning in individuals with diabetes, who may already experience fluctuations in fluid balance due to high blood sugar levels. The presence of one or more contributory factors, such as inadequate fluid intake, strenuous exercise, high temperatures, alcohol consumption, fever, nausea, and vomiting, may put diabetic patients at increased risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Even mild dehydration can impair cognitive function and kidney health.”

To manage and prevent silent dehydration, Dr. Reddy recommends using electrolyte-based hydration solutions rather than plain water.

“Electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium, help maintain cellular balance and prevent fluid imbalances. Individuals with diabetes should be especially cautious, as they are more prone to dehydration due to increased urination and altered thirst perception. Regular fluid intake, incorporating electrolyte-rich beverages with low sugar, is a proactive approach to maintaining hydration and overall health,” he adds.

Diarrheal Dehydration: A Public Health Concern

Diarrheal dehydration, caused by infections, food poisoning, or gastrointestinal disorders, can lead to rapid fluid loss and severe health complications. Children are particularly vulnerable to this condition, and experts stress the importance of early intervention.

Dr. C. Suresh Kumar, Professor of Paediatrics at RVM Medical College, outlines the dangers of diarrheal dehydration:

“Diarrheal dehydration results from rapid fluid loss due to infections, food poisoning, or gastrointestinal disorders. Unlike silent dehydration, its effects are often sudden and severe, leading to a significant drop in blood volume and essential nutrients. Left untreated, it can result in complications such as shock, organ failure, or even death.”

Dr. Kumar emphasizes the role of Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) in managing the condition.

“The gold standard for managing diarrheal dehydration is the WHO-recommended Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS). This scientifically formulated mix of electrolytes and glucose ensures optimal absorption of fluids and helps replenish lost fluid and electrolytes. It is crucial to start ORS administration at the earliest signs of diarrhea to prevent severe dehydration. Additionally, continued feeding (as recommended by a doctor) and zinc supplementation can aid in faster recovery in children.”

However, he warns that improper preparation of ORS can reduce its effectiveness.

“Studies show that most people make preparation errors when mixing powdered ORS, leading to altered osmolality and reduced effectiveness. If unsure about the correct preparation method, it is best to opt for ready-to-drink ORS formulations. Public awareness of ORS and early intervention can significantly reduce the burden of diarrheal diseases,” he says.

Impact of Hyderabad’s Climate

Hyderabad’s semi-arid climate, characterized by prolonged heat waves and occasional water shortages, increases the likelihood of dehydration. Residents who do not consume adequate fluids throughout the day are at a higher risk of both silent and diarrheal dehydration.

Experts urge people to take preventive measures, including:

• Drinking water regularly, even when not feeling thirsty

• Consuming electrolyte-rich beverages during extreme heat

• Monitoring dehydration symptoms in children, elderly individuals, and those with diabetes

• Using ORS at the first signs of diarrhea to prevent complications

Timely Intervention is Key

As summer sets in, experts stress the need for awareness about dehydration risks and appropriate hydration methods. Whether through electrolyte-based drinks for silent dehydration or WHO-approved ORS solutions for diarrheal dehydration, staying hydrated and seeking timely medical intervention can help prevent serious health consequences.

Residents are advised to be vigilant about their fluid intake and consult healthcare professionals if they experience symptoms of dehydration.